Burner for liquid fuels



July 18,A 1939. J. L. aREx-:SE

BURNER FOR'LIQUID FUELS Filed Feb. 8. 1957 2 Sheets-Sheet` 1 25 f a /f K Invenor Jme l re 6,56

Jill? 18, 1939.-i J. L. BREEsE BURNER FOR LIQUID FUELS Filed Feb. 8, 1937 2 Sheets-Shea? 2 llames L. llrcese, Santa. Fe, lll". Meir., assigner to @il ldfevices, Santa. life, lil'. litem, a erfurtn ne or Wehr-nary ily ldt? il lilon l im@ invention relates to an improvement in il desired, in one piece .d loe in burners for burning liquid fuels, such as hydro any suitalole wayy as oy loolts or carbone, and has lor one purpose the provision the mouiller or e, burner which can he turned. down 'to a. very is any suitahie tuoi .supply pip n small lire, or low' draft, without destroying the the hottom ll. llie mea characteristic mode of coinhustion described, lor is not herein shown since t' le t eirample, inv my prio-r issued Patent llo. Militia-29, term part ol the present invention, vill he issued on February i9, 1929. understood that any suitable J4float chamher or Another purpose is the provision of means lor the like may be employed for governing the del permitting low draft burning with such ahurner, Sired flow of luel, for example a lioluid hydrolll while preventing down drafts from upper por carbon fueL to the bottom 8.

tions of the combustion chamber, which would H is a closure member secured within the 4disadvantngeously affect combustion. shell 2 and provided with apertures il, which Another purpose is the provision of such means may be in a separate removable plate lil closwhich are adaptable for ready removal to permit lng the central aperture lll of the member ll. l5

easy cleaning of the burner and lfor adjustment I herein illustrate air inlet apertures l5 in the of the burner capacity. bottom of the shell l and it will understood f Another purpose is rthe provision of a burner that any suitable means, Whether by natlual for carrying on my characteristic combustion draft or forced draft, may be used to supply air method which constitutes or includes a plurality to the space between the shells l and 2, which my of superposed burners of varying diameters. air is caused to flow through the apertures l5, Another purpose is the provision, in connecupwardly through the apertures ity and into the tion with one ci' my burners, oi a lower supple space between the members 'l and the shell il. mentary burner which may have the functions The member 1 is provided with an upper row of a pilot light for maintaining combustion durof secondary air inlet apertures IE, herein shown 25 ing periods when a minimum heat or no heat as upwardly and inwardly inclined.- A plurality is desired. of preferably smaller apertures il are shown ar- Other purposes will appear from time to time rangedv in rows in a lower portion oi the member in the course of the specification and claims. l. The bottom row I8 is also indicated., I illustrate my invention more or less diagram- Positioned above the bottom row I8 is a re- 30 matically in the accompanying drawings wherein." movable baille ring I9, herein shown as provided Figure l is a vertical axial section; with a plurality' of legs or supports 2U, whereby Figure 2 is a plan view of a portion ci' the dethe baille ring I9 is removably supported on the vice; bottom I.. Other supporting means may be em- Figure 3 is a partial vertical axiall section oi a ployed but Ind the employment of legs 20 a 35 variant form of the device; practical solution of the problem. A'I'lie ring I9 Figures 4 and 5 illustrate the application to has a. central aperture 2l corresponding to the Figures 1 and 3, respectively, of means for raisaperture 6 in the baille plate 5.

ing the bailles to give an increased supply of air In the form of Figure 3, the member 'I' is pro- 40 for the initial period of combustion; vided with a lower portion 25 ol smaller diame- 40 Figure 6 illustrates a vertical axial section oi.' ter, the two being connected by an oit-set or shelf a further variation; 26 adapted to receive the removable bane ring llie'ure 7 is a section on the line 'lL-1 of Figure 2l with its central aperture 2L o, illustrating the movable parts in a different In the normal operation oi' the devine, the fifi posi-tion .than in Figure 6; and characteristic combustion method of niv Patent lligure 8 is a, partial section on an enlarged' Number 1,702,929 may be carried on. pri scale ol the structureshown in Figure 1. mary air supply enters tluoueh the il' Referring to the drawings, l generally indivand mingles with the hydrocarloon vaporined Cates an outer furnace or heater shell and l an combustion, The heat oli comluistT once the Eid inner shell. is a horizontal partition .secured device is in operation vaporlnes tothe' inner shell and provided with a centred l aperturefl. is a, preieral rnovalile ha e, with. een al aperture is a cori'lloustion rnernluer,A h era-ily ey sired ,heat produced.

In the event that it is desired to turn down the unit to a minimum heat, or to practically no heat, the air supply is reduced and combustion is correspondingly reduced. In the structure as shown in my Patent Number 1,702,929, there is a limit below which the stove does not operate efllciently. For example, unless a suiiicient air supply and suillcient rate of combustion is maintained, the secondary air or the air above the baille 5 tends to eddy back and circulate down into the primary combustion zone, with the result that the balance between thev primary and secondary zones is destroyed and my method of combustion is interrupted, resulting in carbon deposit, and ineilicient combustion.

I find that the interposition of a baille, such as the one shown herein at I9, prevents this down draft-and my primary mixing and combustion may be carried on by means of the holes I8, and the secondary air may then be supplied by some or all of the holes I1. In other words, the primary zone moves down to or is limited to the holes below the baille, and the holes above the baille, which previously operated as a source of primary air, then becomes the source of secondary air.

Referring to Figure 4, 30 illustrates an Aexterior handle associated with a shaft 3| having at the end thereof a lever 32 adapted in response to the rotation of the handle III to tilt the baille 21 from the full line to the dotted line position, This allows an increased supply of air to enter the space below the baie 21 which is important in the initial period of combustion. For instance, I ilnd that i! the balle 21 or' I9 is made with a relatively small hole in the center, I can employ or obtain a minimum llame and, in fact, in a.

broad sense, the size of the central hole 2| or 2B determines the minimum combustion. However, if a very small hole is used, for example a two-inch hole in a ten-inch burner, it is diillcult to light the burner as there is insuiilcient air in the lowest zone and the mixture may become so rich that the flame-dies out before the burner is properly heated. Also, with such a small hole in the baille, it sometimes happens that when the burner is turned high, the oil accumulates in the bottom below the baille and does not vaporize rapidly enough.l

'I'he smaller the opening in the baille, the lower the minimum llame, and the greater the possible turndown of the pilot 1ight. There is a critical point in the size of the aperture, taken in connection with the position of the baille, at which tion of thebaillering so that it is raised during the lighting period and during the period of high `fire or maximum combustion. It will be understood that the ring may be lifted either directly vertically or it may be tilted so that some of the primary air is forced down toward the floor of the burner. Both methods are in practice quite practical and Figure 4 illustrates means for obtaining the latter result.

In Figure 5 I illustrate the employment of means forflifting the baille 21 directly upwardly against the bottom ol.' the upper baille 5. Any suitable means may be employed, but I illustrate a chain 40 passing over -any suitable roller II extending out to any suitable handle 42. The lower end of the chain maybe secured to the baille 21 by any suitable means. I illustrate for example chain branches I3. It will be understood that a pull on the handle 42 serves to raise the baille. The baille may be kept in raised position by engaging the chain or handle by any suitable abutment mechanism generally indicated at Il.

Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a variant form in which the baille or pilot ring is pivoted so that it can be rotated. Referring to those drawings, 50 indicates a burner pot or combustion chamber herein4 shown as cylindrical and provided with Van intermediate normally ilxed ring or baille 5|, which has the 'same function as the ring I9 of Figure 1 or the ring -21 of Figure 5. It is provided, however, with a considerably larger central opening 52. 53 illustrates a baille or pilot ring having substantially the same outer diameter as the aperture 52 and adapted to close said aperture when rotated into the plane of the ring 5I. It is provided, however, with a considerably smaller preferably central and concentric aperture 54. The ring 53 may be mountedfor rotation as upon the stems o r shafts 55,

56, mounted in any suitable bearings or apertures 51, 5B. The shaft 56 is shown as having outward extensions 59 terminating in a manual handle 60.

It will be understood that the user may rotate the ring 53 by manipulation of the outer handle 60. Assume that the ring is in the position in which it is shown in Figures 6 and '7, it then substantially closes the aperture 52 and the pilot or lower portion of the pot 50 is connected with the upper portion only by the relatively small aperture 54. When the ring 53 is rotated through ninety degrees, to the dotted line position of Figure 6, the aperture 52 is then completely unmasked, providing a maximum opening between thetwo portions of the pot 50.

I Referring to Figures 1 and 8, I illustrate a turned up central guide portion Isa which guides the secondary air upwardly and eliminates a smoky period when the burner is passing from the pilot light stage to a higher nre. 'I'hat is to say, the primary air from the apertures I8 passes upwardly through the aperture 2| and is mixed with the secondary air from the holes above. The secondary air from the holes next above the ange or baille I9 is upwardly directed by the upturned portion Ila and in practice, especially at the time when the burner is being turned up for higher heating, the tendency to an intermediate smoky period is eliminated.

Preferably, as shown in Figures 1 and 8, the upturned ilange I Sa terminates at about the level of the lowermost row of holes I1 above the baille I9 and the baille I 9 may be positioned about half way between the -row of holes I8 and the bottom row or holes I1. This in practice eliminates any smoky period which may otherwise ensue when the burner'is turned up or the llame is increased from the pilot stage to the full combustion stage.

1. A mechanism for burning liquid'fuel which includes a chamber and means for admitting a liquid fuel to the bottom thereof, a wall for said chamber, provided with a plurality of rows ci' primary air apertures positioned above the level of the liquid iuel, said wall being further provided adjacent its upper edgey with a plurality of secondary air inlet apertures, a baille positioned above said secondary apertures, a baille `positioned in said chamber at a level above the lowest row of said primary air apertures, said last mentioned baille being provided with a central aperture, and means for moving said baille above the level of primary air .apertures of a higher row or rows whereby to put air apertures of said higher row or rows in communication with the space beneath said baille.

2. A mechanism for burning liquid fuel which .includes a chamber and means for admitting a liquid fuel to the bottom thereof, a baille located intermediate the top and bottom of the chamber, said baille having a central aperture, air inn4 let means located below saidbaille, a plurality of inlets located at various levels above said bafile, and means for tilting said baille into a posi tion higher than its normal position, and for thereby putting the space beneath said baille into communication with additional air inlets.

3. A mechanism for burning liquid fuel which includes a chamber and means for admitting a liquid fuel to the bottom thereof, a baille located intermediate the top and bottom of the chamber,

said baule having a central aperture, air inlet means located belowsaid baille, a plurality ol inlets located at various levels above said baille,

and means for tilting said baille into a position y higher than its normal position, and for thereby 4. A mechanism for burning liquid fuel which includes av chamber having an upper portion defined by a generally cylindrical wall, a lower portion defined by a generally cylindrical wall, the

two walls being concentric, the lower wall being air apertures formed in both walls, and means for supplying air thereto, a liquid fuel inlet in communication with the chamber d ened by the lower wall, a centrally apertured baille separating the two chambers and a centrally apertured upper baille partially closing the top of the upper chamber, the two chambers being connected by a generally horizontal wall portion, the first nien-- tioned baille normally resting upon said wall portion, and means vfor lifting it therefrom, suinciently to putin communication with the space below said baille air inlet apertures which, when said baille rests on said wall portion, are in communication with the space above said baille.

5. A mechanism for burning liquid fuel which includes 4a chamber having an upper portion dened by a generally cylindrical wall, a lower portion deilned by a generally cylindrical wall, the

. two walls being concentric, the lower wall being of substantially smaller radius than the upper, air apertures formed in both walls, and means for supplying air thereto, a liquid fuel inlet in communication with. the chamber defined by the said baille rests on said wall portion, are in corn.

munication with the space above said baffle, in cluding a manually controllable member located exteriorly or the mechanism.

d. A mechanism for burning liquid fuel which includes va chamber and means for admitting a liquid fuel to the bottom thereof, a wall for said chamber provided with a plurality of rowsv ci primary air apertures positioned ahove the level `of the liquid fuel, a baille positioned in said chamber at a level above the lowest row of said primary air apertures, said hae being provided with a central aperture, and means for moving' said baille above the level of primary air apertures oi a higher row `or rows, whereby to put air apertures of said higher row or rows in com munication with the space beneath said balde.

of substantially smaller radius than the upper,v

JAMES n narines. e 

